For positive reinforcement, think of it as adding something positive in order to increase a response. This process of shaping involves intermediate behaviors (leaving the plate in the sink and beginning to come back to wash the dishes within hours) that start moving you towards the goal behavior (washing your dishes immediately). When thinking about reinforcement, always remember that the end result is to try to increase the behavior, whereas punishment procedures are used to decrease behavior. Initially, you leave the plate in the sink a few times, then you begin to remember after a day or so, and finally you start to wash your dishes immediately after using them. The more dishes you wash, the more you get to procrastinate on your favorite sites. For negative reinforcement, think of it as taking something negative away in. Negative reinforcement means something is being taken away in an effort to increase the tendency that the goal behavior will occur again. You hate taking out the trash, so you develop a system - whenever you remember to wash your plate, you are allowed to surf the internet, otherwise you’re not allowed. When thinking about reinforcement, always remember that the end result is to try to increase the behavior, whereas punishment procedures are used to decrease behavior. The house rule is that whoever leaves their dishes unwashed the longest has to take out the trash. It can be positive or negative and involve rewards such as praise or recognition or punishments like discipline or reprimand. Imagine years down the road you are still enamored of delicious PB&J sandwiches, and now are trying to teach yourself to be a good roommate. Social reinforcement is the process of rewarding people when they conform to social norms, reinforce those norms, or behave in a way that is consistent with what others expect from them. In operant conditioning, the consequences which come after a behavior will vary, to alter that behavior. In classical conditioning, the stimuli that precede a behavior will vary (PB&J sandwich, then tiger plate), to alter that behavior(e.g.
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